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Chapter 5
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Anticlerical
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The belief that there should be no link between church and state.
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Autogestion
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A version of self-managed socialism popular in France in the 1970s and 1980s.
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Bloc vote
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French practice that requires a vote on an entire bill without amendments.
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CFDT
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General Confederation of French Labor.
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CGT
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French General Confederation of Labor.
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Chirac, Jacques
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Career French politician, president since 1995.
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Cohabitation
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In France, periods in which one party or coalition controls the Parliament and the other has the presidency.
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Communist Party (PCF)
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French Communist Party.
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De Gaulle, Charles
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Hero of the French resistance against German occupation, founder and first president of the Fifth Republic.
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Debré, Michel
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Primary architect of the constitution of France’s Fifth Republic; also its first prime minister, from 1958 to 1962.
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Delors, Jacques
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Prominent French Socialist politician, who was president of the European Commission, 1985–95.
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ENA
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National School of Administration, grande école for training France’s bureaucratic elite.
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ENArques
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Graduates of France’s National School of Administration, many of whom become business and political leaders.
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Events of May 1968
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French protest movements that almost toppled the Gaullist government.
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Fifth Republic
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French regime since 1958.
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FN
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France’s racist and right-wing National Front party.
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Force ouvrière
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Workers’ Force, France’s second largest and most dynamic trade union federation.
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Fourth Republic
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French regime from 1946 to 1958.
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Gaullists
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General term used to describe supporters of General Charles de Gaulle and the parties created to back his vision for the Fifth Republic.
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Giscard d’Estaing,Valery
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Moderate president of France, 1974–81.
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Grandes écoles
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Highly selective French universities that train top civil servants and, hence, much of the elite.
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Grandeur
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Gaullist goal for France.
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Incompatibility clause
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French constitutional provision that bars people from holding a seat both in the National Assembly and in a cabinet.
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Interventionist state
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Governments in industrialized democracies that pursue an active economic policy.
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Iron triangle
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A variety of close relationships between business leaders, politicians, and civil servants.
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Jospin, Lionel
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Socialist prime minister of France since 1997.
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Le Pen, Jean-Marie
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Founder and main leader of France’s racist National Front.
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Mitterrand, François
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Resuscitated the French Socialist Party, president, 1981–95.
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National Assembly
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In France and South Africa, the lower house of parliament.
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National Front
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France’s racist right-wing party.
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Pantouflage
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The French practice of leaving the bureaucracy to take positions in big business or politics.
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Parity Law
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Recent French legislation guaranteeing seats in the parliament for women.
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PCF
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French Communist Party.
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Pompidou, Georges
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Second president of Fifth Republic of France, from 1969 until his death in 1974.
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PR
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French Republican Party; proportional representation.
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Prefect
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Until 1981, the central government appointee who really ran France’s departments.
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Proportional representation
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Electoral system in which parties receive a number of seats in parliament proportionate to their share of the vote.
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PS
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French Socialist Party.
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Radicals
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People to the left of center; in France, the liberals who were radical only in nineteenth-century terms.
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Rally for the Republic (RPR)
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The current name of the Gaullist Party in France.
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RI
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France’s Independent Republican Party.
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RPR
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Most recent incarnation of the French Gaullist party.
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Senate
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Upper house of the legislature in the United States, France, Mexico, and South Africa.
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SFIO
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French Socialist Party, until 1969.
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Single-member-district, two-ballot system
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In France, the electoral system in which a second, runoff ballot is held to determine the winner if no candidate gets a majority in the first round.
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Socialist Party (PS)
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France’s new Socialist Party, created in 1971.
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Tutelle
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In France, central government control over local authorities.
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UDF
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Union of French Democrats Party in France; Union of Democratic Forces in South Africa.
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Union for French Democracy
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The number-two right-ofcenter party in France.
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