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Chapter 14
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contract-manufacturing model
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firms using this model contract out all production to suppliers, including the final assembly of the product.
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customer relationship management (CRM)
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entails managing all aspects of interaction a company has with its customers.
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decentralized manufacturing
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the final assembly of goods by outsourcing most of the supply chain activities to independent suppliers.
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electronic data interchange (EDI)
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the electronic exchange of business information (data) between companies using networks or the Internet to enhance efficiencies in the buying, selling, and trading of information.
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electronics manufacturing service (EMS)
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firms adopting this model delegate control of not just the manufacturing but also the design and engineering supply chain activities.
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enterprise resource planning (ERP)
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attempts to integrate all departments and functions across a company onto a single computer system that can serve all those different departments' particular needs by leveraging knowledge and providing real-time information to decision makers.
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flexible manufacturing
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“integrates combinations of various types of capital equipment, and is a system that is capable of processing a number of different work-pieces simultaneously and automatically, with the machines in the system carrying out the system’s operation in any sequence”.
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international logistics
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the design and management of a system that controls the flow of materials, service, and information in, through, and out of the firm.
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just-in-time (JIT)
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a management philosophy that strives to eliminate sources of manufacturing waste by producing the right part in the right place at the right time.
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lean production
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aims "to get the right things to the right place at the right time, the first time, while minimizing waste and being open to change."
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management system
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the organization's structure for managing its processes and activities that will transform inputs into a product or service.
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radio frequency identification (RFID) tags
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portable databases that enable the access of information that has been updated in real-time through reader/writers at any point along the supply chain.
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Six Sigma program
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focuses on the control of a process to the point of ± six sigma (standard deviations) from a center line.
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supply chain management (SCM)
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the management of the entire value chain, from the initial supplier of inputs to the manufacturer right through to the retailer, the final customer and the after-service activities.
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total quality management (TQM)
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"both a philosophy and a set of guiding principles that represent the foundation of a continuously improving organization."
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vertically integrated firm
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manages all supply chain activities from sourcing of materials to delivery and after-service.
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voice over internet protocol (VoIP)
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a technology that allows telephone calls through a broadband Internet connection in lieu of a regular phone line.
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