Documents Epic of Gilgamesh Code of Hammurabi Enuma Elish James Henry Breasted, Description of the weather in ancient Egypt Herodotus, History, Book 2, Ch 124-127 2 Kings 17:1-16 1 Samuel 8:10-22 Psalm 137 Book of Ezra Baal Myth of Ugarit Online Readings Darwin's Origin of the Species Evolution and the Fossil Record Proverbs from Ki-en-gir (Sumerian) Sumerian Inscription Enki, A Sumerian High God Sumerian Official Poem The Legend of Sargon Sumerian Temple Hymns Advice of an Akkadian Father to His Son The Akkadian Precepts Babylonian Proverbs from Ashurbanipal's Library A collection of Mesopotamian Laws A collection of contracts from Mesopotamia Babylonian Creation Myth Reports of Magicians and Astrologers at Ninevah and Babylon A collection of Babylonian Prayers Descent of Ishtar into the Nether World Letter of Pabi, Prince of Laschich, to Akehnaton Code of the Assyrians Tiglathpilesar I Campaigns of Sennacharib Ahikar the Wise Stolen Stones: The Modern Sack of Ninevah List of Egyptian Dynasties The Precepts of Ptah-Hotep Hymn to the Nile The Shipwrecked Sailor Victory of Ramses II over Khita Princess Ahura, The Magic Book The Great Hymn to Aten Egyptian High God in Age of Coffin Texts Egyptian Cosmogony and Theogony Debate Between Osiris and the High God A Spell for the Revival of Osiris The Dead Pharaoh Ascends to Heaven Man's Soul Identified with Osiris and Nature Book of Ani -- Egyptian Book of the Dead Hymn to Ra Judgement of the Dead from the Book of the Dead Herodotus Description of Mummification Egyptian Love Poetry Coffin Text: The Tale of Horus and the Pig The Tale of the Eloquent Peasant The offering of Uha The Book of Genesis The Book of Exodus The Book of Amos The Book of Job Letter of Pabi, Prince of Lachish, to Akhnaton, King of Kemet Nineveh Tiglath Pileser I, King of Assyria Accounts of the Campaign of Sennacherib Legend of Ahikar the Wise Greek Reports of Babylonia, Chaldea, and Assyria Hellenes and Phoenicians by Herodotus 2 Kings 15-17 2 Chronicles 36: 9-23 2 Kings 23-25 Jeremiah 52: 28-30 Isaiah 1 Kurash (Cyrus) the Great, The Decree of Return for the Jews Jeremiah 7-8 Jeremiah 23 Jeremiah 31 Isaiah 40 Isaiah 44-45 Isaiah 48-49 Isaiah 53 Isaiah 56 Ecclesiastes 1 2 Chronicles 30-31 Haggai 1-2

Ancient Near East Ancient Egypt The Ancient Near East The Assyrian and Persian Empires The Spread of Homo sapiens sapiens The Development of Agriculture

Mud and thatch wall of Egyptian farmhouse in the Nile River Valley. The Pyramids at Gizeh. The Temple of Queen Hatshepsut, a pharaoh during the era of the New Kingdom in ancient Egypt, in the Valley of the Kings near Luxor. The lion's path along the grand approach to the Palace at Luxor, Egypt Pharaoh Ramses II's stone head at Luxor. Pillars at the Temple of Luxor Reputed graffiti signature of Arthur Rimbaud, the French symbolist poet, on the walls of the Temple of Luxor Towering winged bull guarding the entrance to the Assyrian palace, eighth-century B.C.E., at Khorsabad. Three of the 120 lions along the "Processional Way" to the Ishtar Gate, the grandiose entrance to Babylon, built in the 6th century B.C.E. by Nebuchadnezzar II. This 2,500-year-old panel in glazed brick at the Ishtar Gate testifies to the excellence of the craftsmen in the Persian Empire. Egyptian Pyramid Relief carving from Akhenaten's reign Painting from tomb of Tutankhamun Representation of Osiris Cylinder Seal from the Akkadian Period

Ancient Civilizations

	The Ancient Near East: First Civilizations
	The Ancient Near East: Peoples & Empires
	The Ancient Near East: The Peoples of Western Asia & Egypt

ca. 8000 B.C. Agriculture invented in the area of the Fertile Crescent ca. 4000 BC: First Civilization (Sumer) Emerges ca. 2680 B.C. Great Pyramid of Khufu built at Gizah ca. 2000 B.C. Indo-Europeans invade Europe (present-day Iran) ca. 1790 B.C. Code of Hammurabi codified (Babylonia) ca. 1400 B.C. Phoenicians develop alphabet ca. 1300 B.C. Hebrews depart Egypt in Exodus (Sinai) ca. 1000 B.C. Iron Age begins (Anatolia) 586 B.C. Jerusalem falls, Babylonian exile begins

Wadi Kubbuniya, Egypt Egypt in the Old Kingdom Egypt in the Middle Kingdom Egypt in the New Kingdom Egypt in the Late Period Egypt, 8000 – 2000 BCE Egypt, 2000 – 1000 BCE Egypt, 1000 BCE – 1 CE Mesopotamia, 8000 – 2000 BCE The Halaf Period (6500 – 5500 BCE) The Ubaid Period (5500 – 4000 BCE) Uruk: The First City (ca. 3500 – 3000 BCE) Ur: The Royal Graves Mesopotamia, 2000 – 1000 BCE Mesopotamia, 1000 BCE – 1 CE Parthian Empire (247 BCE – 224 CE) The Sasanians, 224 – 336 CE

Click here to access the list of articles about this time period and region. Find similar articles by: entering the search term "Egypt" into the Subject Guide, and then go to subdivision "history." entering the search term "Mesopotamia" into the Subject Guide. entering the search term "Sumeria" into the Subject Guide. entering the search terms "ancient Israel" in a Keyword search.