History Image Bank - Western Europe III

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The Rock of Gibraltar looms as a rocky promontory at the extreme southwestern tip of Europe. To the Greeks it represented the end of the known world. Taking its name from the Moorish commander Tarik (Jebel Tarik, or "the Mount of Tarik") it eventually shifted from Moorish to Spanish rule. It became a British colony in 1830

The twentieth-century Holy Family Cathedral in Barcelona, still under construction, is still identified with its initial architect, the famous Antonio Gaudi.

This neolithic monument at Stonehenge is thought to have possessed astronomical and agricultural, as well as religious, significance. Consisting of two circles of vertical boulders, all aligned according to the cycle of the sun, Stonehenge has invited many interpretations for over 4,000 years.

Here we see the ruins of the famed Glastonbury Abbey, a medieval center of learning and pilgrimage, underneath which have been found traces of an earlier Celtic settlement. Such abbeys were destroyed throughout England as a result of King Henry VIII's attack on the Catholic Church.

Salisbury's thirteenth-century cathedral was famous for possessing England's tallest spire. It stands today as an excellent example of early Gothic architecture.

Windsor Castle has served as a residence for English royalty ever since the time of William the Conqueror. Several English kings are buried in nearby Saint George's Chapel, which is considered to be one of the most splendid churches in England.

Cambridge University, situated fifty miles north of London, was founded in 12The campus is located over the site of a Roman fort and a Norman castle. Shown here is the famous fifteenth-century chapel at King's College.

The town of Brighton in southern England, first popularized as a seaside resort during the early nineteenth century, boasts this joyous pavilion, which shows the strong influence of Mughal Indian architecture.

The tradition of British royalty continues to be marked by the ceremonial pomp inherited from a previous age. Here we see the ceremony of the changing of the guard at Buckingham Palace, the Royal residence in London.

Medieval castles, perched high above the Rhine River, served as the domains of feudal barons who vied for control over the river and surrounding territory. Seen here is a customs house on the river, from which the local baron collected monies from the ships passing through his district on their way to or from the North Sea.

The Cologne Cathedral, with its soaring 150-foot vaulted ceiling, best exemplifies the Gothic tradition of seeking to lift up the faithful "into the skies." Begun in 1248 the Cathedral took 500 years to complete; except for its stained glass windows, it was happily spared during the extensive Allied bombings of World War II, which destroyed all of the surrounding area.

These statues of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels sit at rest in the shadow of one of the many churches in East Berlin.

Berlin's Brandenburg Gate, a symbol of German unity, was erected in 1791 as a triumphal arch in the tradition of Imperial Rome. In 1806 Napoleon ordered the horse-drawn chariot on the top of the gate taken back to France, but it was returned a few years later. During the 1930s, the gate witnessed Nazi torch-lit marches and still evokes negative memories for many survivors of World War II.

The Reichstag in Berlin was built in the nineteenth century to house the German parliament. From its balcony in November of 1918 the Weimar Republic was proclaimed. Like the Brandenburg Gate, the Reichstag became a symbol of Nazi tyranny during the era of Adolf Hitler.

The Berlin Wall was erected by the government of East Germany in 1961 to reduce the flow of people across the border into the western sector of Berlin. It was dismantled in 1989 as Communist governments collapsed throughout Eastern Europe. Here we see a small portion of the remaining wall, as most of it was gleefully destroyed.

Checkpoint Charlie marked the dividing point between the U.S. and Soviet zones in Berlin and is best remembered today for the sign at the border which read, "YOU ARE NOW LEAVING THE AMERICAN SECTOR."

This remaining shell of a tower of the Memorial Church in Berlin, badly damaged by Allied bombing during World War II, has been intentionally preserved in its existing state as a daily reminder of the horrors of war. Adjacent to it we see a modern tower which symbolizes German renewal and a monument to peace arising from the ashes of the past.

The International Court of Justice in the Hague serves today as the site for trials of individuals charged with severe crimes against humanity. Currently the chief focus is on the massacre of civilians during the recent fighting in the Balkans.

Dutch teachers demonstrating for better pay and benefits in front of the fourteenth- century church of Binnenhof in the Hague, the royal capital of the Netherlands.

The superb shipbuilding techniques of the Vikings are reflected in this replica of a Viking house in Denmark. The Vikings were able sailors and warriors, and during the late first millennium C.E. Viking settlements appeared in the British isles, the coast of France, and as far south as the Mediterranean Sea.