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chapters 25-32


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1. The rise in popularity of the style was inspired by the rediscovery of the ancient Graeco-Roman world including architecture, art, poetry, and language.


2. were a new phenomenon in the 18th century. They served as meeting houses, reading rooms, debating halls, and they subscribed to multiple newspapers, holding public readings of newspaper stories for the benefit of the illiterate majority, and providing the sociable setting.


3. included three predominant faiths: Anglicanism, Calvinism, and Lutheranism.


4. meant that the king named French cardinals and bishops himself and decided whether papal decrees would apply in France.


5. Skepticism, belief in natural laws, human reason, and optimism that reason and obedience to natural laws will produce progress are the central ideas of .


6. wrote The Spirit of the Laws asserting that people, like the physical world, are "governed by invariable laws."


7. Many of the most famous writers and leaders of the Enlightenment of the 18th century contributed to what was perhaps the greatest intellectual accomplishment of the Enlightenment, a publication of 28 volumes known as the .


8. Voltaire’s principal criticism of Christianity and the concept that he devoted much of his life to championing was the principle of .


9. The two most famous political theories of the eighteenth century: (1) the theory of the separation of powers and (2) the theory of checks and balances were stated by the Enlightenment leader .


10. A founder of feminist thought, believed that women could reason as well as men.
 
 
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