1. How did life expectancy change in the 19
th
century? Why?
2. What was the relative importance of contagious disease among the causes of death in 19
th
century Europe?
3. What were the principal steps in the conquest of disease and in medical treatment in the 19
th
century?
4. How was the European diet changing during the 19
th
century?
5. What developments explain such changes?
6. What were European attitudes toward alcohol and drugs during the 19
th
century?
7. To what extent was birth control used in 19
th
century Europe? Did this have an impact on European demography?
8. How significant were the levels of abortion, infanticide, and child abandonment?
9. What was the legal status of birth control and abortion?
10. How common was illegitimacy?
11. How did the nature of childhood change in the 19
th
century?
12. What were the important 19
th
century patterns in schooling and literacy?
13. What was the typical age at marriage in the 19
th
century? What explains this pattern?
14. How did the institution of marriage change during the 19
th
century?
15. What was a typical family size and structure?
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