InfoTrac Reader Least Developed Countries The least developed countries have in general been only marginal participants in the world trends of economic development and growing international trade. The least developed countries are the poorest countries in the world and are typically found south of the Sahara in Africa, although there are a few elsewhere in the world. Least developed countries often rely on barter for the bulk of domestic economic activity, and international trade is limited to selling primary products such as food, timber, or minerals. Real economic growth is either negative or just barely on the positive side. These countries have little chance for economic growth in part because they receive little foreign aid from the West and transnational corporations and international lending institutions typically ignore them, and also because they do not have adequate infrastructure and resources, or a sufficiently educated populace. Least developed countries tend to share certain patterns. These include high rates of population growth, high infant mortality rates, low levels of literacy, inefficient and corrupt governments, and higher probabilities of civil wars. Unintended alliance: the co-option of humanitarian aid in conflicts. Matthew LeRiche. Parameters Spring 2004 v34 i1 p104(17) (7661 words) Cancun diary: opposition from the world's poorest countries derails the World Trade Organization's fifth ministerial meeting. Tom Turner. Earth Island Journal Wntr 2004 v18 i4 p34(4) (2622 words) Number of chronically hungry people is rising by 5m a year. News Jane Burgermeister. British Medical Journal Dec 6, 2003 v327 i7427 p1303(1) (345 words) Position of the American Dietetic Association: addressing world hunger, malnutrition and food insecurity. (ADA Reports) Marie Boyle Struble, Laurie Lindsay Aomari. Journal of the American Dietetic Association August 2003 v103 i8 p1046(12) (9042 words) Brazil launches initiative to eliminate hunger: Brazil's first major health policy aims to tackle hunger and provide food security. (Dispatch). Carla Finger. The Lancet Feb 15, 2003 v361 i9357 p586 Hunger and poverty in children is linked to depression and low achievement. (Brief Reports: Economic and Social Well-Being). Susan S. Lang. Human Ecology Dec 2002 v30 i4 p23(1) POVERTY AND HUNGER REMAIN MAJOR PROBLEMS IN LATIN AMERICA. NotiSur - South American Political and Economic Affairs Nov 15, 2002 p0 All of Africa's gods are weeping. (hunger and agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa) E. G. VALLIANATOS. Race and Class July-Sept 2001 v43 i1 p45 Stop blaming the weather; World hunger. (Hunger and how to end it)(Brief Article) The Economist (US) June 15, 2002 pNA Hunger returns after war. (Countryfile: Eritrea). (Statistical Data Included) Donica Tesfamariam. African Business Feb 2002 p41(2) Bus.Coll.: 138V1233. Food security: the challenge remains. (Brief Article) Jacques Dlouf. UN Chronicle Sept-Nov 2001 v38 i3 p12(3) The real cost of hunger. (Brief Article) George McGovern. UN Chronicle Sept-Nov 2001 v38 i3 p24(4) 830 MILLION ARE HUNGRY. (Brief Article)(Statistical Data Included) The Ecologist March 2001 v31 i2 p10 Humiliation and Human Rights: Mapping a Minefield. (dignity and shame are culturally specific, not universal) Evelin Gerda Lindner. Human Rights Review Jan 2001 v2 i2 p46 Diehard Hutus; Burundi's civil war. Bringing peace to Burundi The Economist (US) Dec 6, 2003 v369 i8353 p41US (525 words) Forgotten refugees and other displaced populations. (Health and human rights). Paul B Spiegel, Mohamed Qassim. The Lancet July 5, 2003 v362 i9377 p72 (1914 words) A home at last, but not for many; Refugee policy. (America lets in fewer refugees) The Economist (US) May 31, 2003 v367 i8326 p32US Internally displaced people: a global survey. Ann Harrison Avery. Bulletin of the World Health Organization May 2003 v81 i3 p227(1) Can refugees help? (Global Newsstand). Alexious Butler. Foreign Policy May-June 2003 p87(3) Responsibility for others in the modern system of states. Barry Hindess. Journal of Sociology March 2003 v39 i1 p23(8) Refugees: an endangered species? Michael Humphrey. Journal of Sociology March 2003 v39 i1 p31(13) Repatriating Afghan refugees. (In Focus). (Brief Article) Steven S. Lapham. Social Education Jan-Feb 2002 v66 i1 p25(2) Military involvement in refugee crises: a positive evolution? (Viewpoint)(Brief Article) Fiona Terry. The Lancet May 5, 2001 v357 i9266 p1431 Mag.Coll.: 107C3516. Aid and safety for Guinea's refugees. Morten Rostrup, Nathan Ford. The Lancet April 7, 2001 v357 i9262 p1123 Mag.Coll.: 106K4402. Psychosocial Adjustment of Cambodian Refugee Women: Implications for Mental Health Counseling. (Statistical Data Included) Rita Chi-Ying Chung. Journal of Mental Health Counseling April 2001 v23 i2 p115 The Economic Adjustment of Recently Arrived Bosnian, Afghan and Iraqi Refugees in Sydney, Australia [1]. Peter Waxman. International Migration Review Summer 2001 v35 i2 p472 Seventy-five years voicing women's rights. (Inter-American System). (includes related article on gender violence) Janelle Conaway, Cesar Chelala. Americas (English Edition) July-August 2003 v55 i4 p54(3) (2071 words) Dishing out change. (Girls on the Go). (goals of The Rural Women Workers' Movement of Brazil) Emma Sokoloff-Rubin. New Moon July-August 2003 v10 i6 p8(3) (681 words) Women's rights, a tourist boom, and the power of khat in Yemen. (Dispatches: Sana'a)(Brief Article)(Statistical Data Included) Peter Kandela. The Lancet April 22, 2000 v355 i9213 p1437 Mag.Coll.: 103A3929. Investing in the Rural Poor A Challenge for the 21st Century. (seeking sustainable development) Princess Basma Bint Talal. UN Chronicle Fall 2000 v37 i3 p4 How Poverty Pollutes: Poor countries face the toughest challenge: Kindling growth without burning up the ecology. (Brief Article) Pranay B. Gupte. Newsweek International April 24, 2000 p51 The Filthy Rich Owe the Poor Billions. (Brief Article) Earth Island Journal Spring 2000 v15 i1 p22 AIDS in Southern Africa. (AIDS). M. Crewe. Postgraduate Medical Journal March 2002 v78 i917 p127(2) Stop denying the killer bug; South Africa and AIDS. (AIDS and the South African government's inaction)(Brief Article) The Economist (US) Feb 23, 2002 pN/A Mass orphanhood in the era of HIV/AIDS: bold support for alleviation of poverty and education may avert a social disaster. (Editorial) Greg Powell, Neddy Rita Matshalaga. British Medical Journal Jan 26, 2002 v324 i7331 p185(2) DEEP DENIAL. JON COHEN. The Sciences Jan 2001 v41 i1 p20 The Global Epidemic of Drug Resistance: Misuse of medicines is making diseases harder to fight. (Demography). (study on drug-resistant HIV)(Brief Article) The Futurist March-April 2002 v36 i2 p10(2) Mag.Coll.: 110K3285. Bus.Coll.: 138Y0909. Promise unfulfilled; Human rights in Mexico. The Economist (US) August 16, 2003 v368 i8337 p34US (543 words) Ghana: no hiding place for former oppressors; the national reconciliation commission (NRC), modelled on South Africa's truth and reconciliation commission, is now in full flight. And what harrowing tales are coming out! (Around Africa). George Asmah, Tom Mbakwe. New African June 2003 p26(2) (800 words) Prisoners of the outback; Australia's asylum-seekers; Asylum-seekers in Australia. (Asia)(Brief Article) The Economist (US) June 30, 2001 p5 Making human dignity violations proof; Third Committee: Social, Humanitarian and Cultural. (GA 57 Session). UN Chronicle March-May 2003 v40 i1 p14(2) Uganda: a British love affair; while the British and their allies have imposed sanctions on Zimbabwe, they continue to support Uganda which has a worse democratic and human rights record than Zimbabwe. (Guest Column). (Brief Article) Josephine A. Apira. New African May 2003 p53(1) International law, human rights and HIV/AIDS. (Theme Papers). David Patterson, Leslie London. Bulletin of the World Health Organization Dec 2002 v80 i12 p964(6) A long march. (Human Rights: The Struggle Continues)(includes related article on international treaties concerning economic and social rights)(Universal Declaration of Human Rights) Francisco Soberon. UNESCO Courier Oct 1998 p18(3) Mag.Coll.: 98C3185. For an end to double standards. (Human Rights: The Struggle Continues)(realpolitik and human rights) Emma Bonino. UNESCO Courier Oct 1998 p21(2) Mag.Coll.: 98C3188. Televised genocide. (Human Rights: The Struggle Continues)(war crimes in Rwanda and Yugoslavia) Rony Brauman. UNESCO Courier Oct 1998 p23(1) Mag.Coll.: 98C3190. Population control and sustainability: it's the same old song but with a different meaning. (Symposium on Population Law) Paula Abrams. Environmental Law Winter 1997 v27 n4 p1111-1135 The environment, population, and women's human rights. (Symposium on Population Law) Reed Boland. Environmental Law Winter 1997 v27 n4 p1137-1167 Child soldiers: in some places, if you're as tall as a rifle, you're old enough to carry one. (Cover Story) Mike Wessells. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists Nov-Dec 1997 v53 n6 p32(8) Mag.Coll.: 91F3581. State integration and human rights in Africa. Julia Maxted, Abebe Zegeye. International Journal of Comparative Sociology June 1997 v38 n1-2 p64(22) Attention to Process Blinds Political Scientists to Real Causes of World Problems. (Brief Article) PS: Political Science & Politics Dec 2000 v33 i4 p747 International human rights in the U.S.: a critique. (Human Rights, Gender Politics & Postmodern Discourses) Rita Maran. Social Justice Spring 1999 v26 i1 p49(2) The role of INGOs in the protection of human rights refugees. (international non-governmental organizations) Caroline Schawitter Marsiaj. Migration World Magazine Sept-Oct 1997 v25 n5 p18(5)