If you'd like to print out this page, click the Print button above. Alternatively, you may click the printer icon on your browser's toolbar, or choose File>Print from the menu.     Developing World 2 Clearly, one of the most basic characteristics of Developing States is that they suffer from poverty, and multiple related problems, to a much greater extent than the rich countries of the world. Let’s focus our study on Brazil, India, Mexico, and Nigeria, and make some comparisons to the rich countries of the world. One of the most fundamental issues confronting every country is population. The greater the number of people, the greater the need for national income to provide for their basic needs. CLICK DATA FILE: GLOBAL04 CLICK TASK: Mapping SELECT VARIABLE 1: POPULATION CLICK VIEW: Rank Table CLICK: [Continue] 1. Identify the population and world rank for each of the following: Country Population World Rank Answer Brazil 173 million (5) India 1,014 million (2) Mexico 100 million (11) Nigeria 123 million (10) 2. True or False: All four of these countries rank among the world’s top 25 countries in terms of total population. (Correct Answer: True) According to the United Nations Development Program, Human Development Report (2001) the world’s rich countries have gross domestic products that average $25,860 per person. Let’s see how our four countries compare to the rich country average. CLICK: VARIABLES SELECT VARIABLE 1: GDP/CAP CLICK VIEW: Alphabetical Table CLICK: [Continue] 3. Identify the GDP/Capita for each of our four countries: Country GDP/Capita Answer Brazil $6,150 India $1,800 Mexico $8,500 Nigeria $970 4. True or False: The GDP/Capita values for all four of these countries are significantly lower then the overall average for the rich countries of the world. (Correct Answer: True) One reason that many "Developing States" have lower GDPs/capita is that they earn significant portions of their income from agriculture, a sector that tends to provide less national income than industrial or high-tech sectors. Let’s explore the degree to which these countries rely on agriculture as a percentage of their income. CLICK: VARIABLES SELECT VARIABLE 1: % AGRIC $ CLICK VIEW: Map CLICK: [Continue] 5. True or False: The "rich states" of France, Germany, Japan, and the United States all earn less than 5 percent of their GDP from agriculture. (Correct Answer: True) CLICK: VARIABLES SELECT VARIABLE 1: % AGRIC $ CLICK VIEW: Alphabetical List CLICK: [Continue] 6. Identify the percentage of GDP accounted for by agriculture in the following countries: Country Agriculture as a percentage of GDP Answer Brazil 14 percent India 25 percent Mexico 5 percent Nigeria 33 percent The United Nations Development Program, Human Development Report (2001) also indicates that the world’s rich countries have an average life expectancy of 78 years. Let’s see how our four countries compare to the rich country average. CLICK: Back (use your browser’s back button) SELECT VARIABLE 1: LIFE EXPCT CLICK VIEW: Alphabetical Table CLICK: [Continue] 7. Identify the Life Expectancy for each of our four countries: Country Life Expectancy Answer Brazil 62.9 India 62.5 Mexico 71.5 Nigeria 51.6 Let’s examine a few other measures that significantly influence politics and development in these countries, beginning with one measure of health, the infant mortality rate, which is calculated by determining the number of infant deaths per 1,000 births. CLICK: VARIABLES SELECT VARIABLE 1: INF. MORTL CLICK VIEW: Rank Table CLICK: [Continue] 8. What country has the world’s highest mortality rate? (Correct Answer: Angola) 9. What is the infant mortality rate for that country? (Correct Answer: 195.78) 10. What country has the world’s lowest infant mortality rate? (Correct Answer: Sweden) 11. What is the infant mortality rate for the country with the world’s lowest rate? (Correct Answer: 3.49) 12. What is the infant mortality rate for the United States? (Correct Answer: 6.82) CLICK: BACK (use your browser’s back button) SELECT VARIABLE 1: INF. MORTL CLICK VIEW: Alphabetical Table CLICK: [Continue] 13. Identify the Infant Mortality rates for Brazil, India, Mexico, and Nigeria: Country Infant Mortality Answer Brazil 38.04 India 64.9 Mexico 26.19 Nigeria 74.18 There are also significant differences between rich and poor states in terms of education. Clearly, education is also a factor in determining the wealth of a country (the two are inter-related). Let’s examine this factor. CLICK: VARIABLES SELECT VARIABLE 1: EDUCATION CLICK VIEW: Rank Table CLICK: [Continue] 14. What country has the highest average number of years of education? (Correct Answer: United States) 15. What is the average number of years of education for this country? (Correct Answer: 12.0) CLICK: BACK (use your browser’s back button) SELECT VARIABLE 1: EDUCATION CLICK VIEW: Alphabetical Table CLICK: [Continue] 16. Identify the average number of years of education for each of the following: Country Education Answers Brazil 4.9 India 5.1 Mexico 7.2 Another issue confronting Developing States is ethnic differences. This issue is not unique to the Developing States, but it is an important cause of political cleavage and, at times, violence. CLICK: VARIABLES SELECT VARIABLE 1: MULTI-CULT CLICK VIEW: Map CLICK: [Continue] 17. Which continent has the most countries with a multi-cultural rating of 72 or higher? (Correct Answer: Africa) CLICK: BACK (use your browser’s back button) SELECT VARIABLE 1: MULTI-CULT CLICK VIEW: Alphabetical List CLICK: [Continue] 18. Identify the multi-cultural ratings and rankings for each of the following: Country Education Ranking Answers Brazil 60 (62) India 91 (1) Mexico 50 (80) Nigeria 88 (6) One consequence of multi-culturalism is that the higher the degree of diversity, the more challenging it is to develop a single national identity. Let’s begin our examination of cultural diversity in India by evaluating religious diversity. CLICK: DATA FILES CLICK DATA FILE: SHARES CLICK TASK: Univariate SELECT PRIMARY VARIABLE: INDIA-REL CLICK: [Continue] 19. Which religion has the largest number of followers in India? (Correct Answer: Hindu) 20. What percentage of Indians are members of the largest religious group in India? (Correct Answer: 81.4 percent) 21. True or False: There are more Muslims in India than Sikhs. (Correct Answer: True) Now let’s turn our attention to linguistic diversity. CLICK: VARIABLES CLICK TASK: Univariate SELECT PRIMARY VARIABLE: INDIA-LANG CLICK: [Continue] 22. True or False: A majority of Indians identify Hindi as their mother tongue. (Correct Answer: False) 23. What is the second most common mother tongue in India? (Correct Answer: Bengali) 24. What percentage of Indians identified the second most common language as their mother tongue? (Correct Answer: 8.3 percent) 25. How many different languages are identified by at least five percent of Indians as their mother tongue? (Correct Answer: six) You probably noticed a very large "other" category. Let’s explore how many Mother Tongues are spoken in India, and look specifically at the large number of Mother Tongues that have relatively small numbers of speakers. CLICK VARIABLES SELECT PRIMARY VARIABLE: INDIA-LAN2 CLICK: [Continue] 26. How many Mother Tongues, overall, are spoken in India? (Correct Answer: 114) 27. What percentage of Mother Tongues are spoken by fewer than one million Indians. (Correct Answer: 79.8 percent) We’ve examined many of the challenges facing "Developing States." Let’s turn our attention to their political systems. CLICK: DATA FILES CLICK DATA FILE: GLOBAL04 CLICK TASK: Mapping SELECT VARIABLE 1: GOVERNMENT CLICK VIEW: Alphabetical Table CLICK: [Continue] 28. Identify the types of governments in each of the following countries: Country Government Type Answers Brazil Old Demos, or Established Multi-Party Democracy India Old Demos, or Established Multi-Party Democracy Mexico New Demos, or Recently Established Multi-Party Democracy Nigeria Autocratic, or Military/Monarchical/Theocratic Regime CLICK: VARIABLES SELECT VARIABLE 1: ELECTSYSTM CLICK VIEW: Alphabetical Table CLICK: [Continue] 29. Identify the electoral system used in each of the following countries: Country Electoral Answers Brazil List PR, or proportional representation India FPTP, or First-Past-the-Post Mexico MMP, or mixed member proportional Nigeria FPTP, or First-Past-the-Post Some analysts believe the level of interest in politics is related to citizen perceptions that the political system works, both in terms of the type of government it has and its electoral system. Let’s examine some survey results for both industrial democracies and the "Developing States" we’ve been studying. CLICK: VARIABLES SELECT ARIABLE 1: P.INTEREST CLICK VIEW: Rank Table CLICK: [Continue] 30. Which country has the highest percentage of citizens indicating they are either "very" or "somewhat interested" in politics? (Correct Answer: Norway) 31. What percentage of citizens in that country indicated that they are either "very" or "somewhat interested" in politics? (Correct Answer: 68.5 percent) 32. Where does the United States rank, in terms of the percentage of citizens indicating that they are either "very" or "somewhat interested" in politics? (Correct Answer: 2) 33. What percentage of Americans indicated that they are either "very" or "somewhat interested" in politics? (Correct Answer: 64.2 percent) CLICK: BACK (use your browser’s back button) SELECT VARIABLE 1: P.INTEREST CLICKVIEW: Alphabetical Table CLICK: [Continue] 34. Identify the percentages of citizens either "very" or "somewhat interested" in politics in the following "Developing States:" Country Political Interest Answer Brazil 31.1 percent India 38.9 percent Mexico 42.9 percent Nigeria 35.2 percent 35. Based on what you’ve learned about the level of interest in politics for these Developing States, how do you think this will affect their long-term abilities to develop and maintain strong, viable democracies?