Microcase   Instructions: You may find it works well to print out these Exercises so you can have the directions always in front of you. Click Here to print out this page. Click on the Microcase button to get to Online MicroCase, the software you need to complete this exercise. Enter your answers into the boxes below. If you'd like a print-out of your responses, click on the Submit button at the bottom of the page, and you will be taken to a printer-friendly page. If you have been instructed to submit your exercise online, enter both your and your instructor's name and e-mail address, then click the Email button at the bottom of the page. Your answers will be e-mailed immediately. Macintosh Users: If you have been instructed to submit your reponses to your instructor, you must enter your responses, then click on the Submit button at the bottom of the page to receive a printer-friendly version of your responses that you can then print and turn in to your instructor.     The world has changed dramatically during the past 500 years. Let’s explore some of these historical developments, beginning with the development of sovereignty and the modern state (usually referred to as a "country" in common usage). A state possesses sovereignty when it exerts control over its internal affairs by making decisions without answering to a higher authority. Five centuries ago sovereignty was split between secular rulers, such as kings, and the Catholic Church (most Europeans were Catholics). The power of the Catholic Church was significant. For example, rulers had to consider the wishes of the Church when they made decisions about both domestic and international issues. For example, Pope Julius II was involved in the 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas, which divided the unclaimed lands of the world between European states. Let’s examine how the western hemisphere was allocated. CLICK DATA FILE: GLOBAL CLICK TASK: Mapping SELECT VARIABLE: TREATY CLICK VIEW: Map CLICK: [Continue]   1. True or False: The area allocated to Spain eventually consisted of countries. 2. True or False: The area allocated to Portugal eventually consisted of more countries than the area allocated to Spain. 3. True or False: The area that became the United States was allocated to the English. CLICK: BACK (use your browser’s back button) CLICK VIEW: Rank Table CLICK: [Continue] 4. List the countries that were eventually created from the area allocated to Portugal. The authority of the Catholic Church was challenged in 1517 when Martin Luther completed his famous 95 Theses, beginning the Protestant Reformation. This religious movement had a tremendous impact on international relations and the development of the nation-state. Let’s explore this development. CLICK: DATA FILES CLICK DATA FILE: EUROPE CLICK TASK: Mapping SELECT VARIABLE: RELIGIONS CLICK VIEW: Map CLICK: [Continue] 5. True or False: The majority of Europe was either Protestant or Catholic. 6. True or False: Most Catholic states were located in northern Europe. 7. True or False: There were more Protestant than Catholic countries in Europe. The divisions between Catholics and Protestants in Europe led to tensions and violence that culminated in the Thirty Years’ War (1618-1648), one of the bloodiest conflicts in European history. Although we will never know exactly how many Europeans were killed, historians agree the figure reaches into the many millions. The Thirty Years’ War finally ended with the Treaty of Westphalia, which separated the authority of the state and religious authorities. Sovereignty was given to states and their secular rulers. During the War, many areas had been devastated, while others escaped with little loss of life. Let’s examine how one German city, Magdeburg, fared during the war. CLICK: DATA FILES CLICK DATA FILE: IRHISTORY CLICK TASK: Historical Trends SELECT VARIABLE 1: MAGDEBURG CLICK: [Continue] 8. Approximately, how many people lived in Magdeburg in 1618? 9. In 1648, approximately how many people lived in Magdeburg? Now let’s look at deaths in this conflict overall. CLICK: DATA FILES CLICK DATA FILE: PATTERNS CLICK TASK: Univariate SELECT PRIMARY VARIABLE: DEATHS30 CLICK: [Continue] 10. How many people are estimated to have died during the Thirty Years’ War? 11. What percent of the world’s population is estimated to have died during this conflict? % As a basis for comparison, let’s examine deaths during the First World War. CLICK: VARIABLES SELECT PRIMARY VARIABLE: DEATHSWWI CLICK: [Continue] 12. How many people are estimated to have died during the First World War? 13. True or False: As a percentage of the world’s population, more people died during the First World War than during the Thirty Years’ War. In part because of the experience of the Thirty Years’ War, most countries eventually adopted clear policies separating the authority of the state and church. Let’s explore this. CLICK: DATA FILES CLICK DATA FILE: GLOBAL CLICK TASK: Univariate SELECT PRIMARY VARIABLE: GOVERNMENT CLICK: [Continue] 14. How many states currently have either theocratic regimes (government controlled by religious leaders) or full, working monarchies? 15. What percent of the world’s countries are either theocratic regimes or full monarchies? %   Now let’s determine how many of these theocratic regimes or full monarchies are located in Europe, the site of the Thirty Years’ War. CLICK: TASKS CLICK TASK: Mapping SELECT VARIABLE 1: GOVERNMENT CLICK VIEW: Map CLICK: [Continue] 16. How many theocracies exist in Europe today? 17. Which of the following regions has the most theocracies or full monarchies? (Africa, Europe, The Middle East, South America) Another major historical development in international relations was imperialism. Countries following imperialist policies sought to establish control over lands across the world. The possession of these territories provided markets, sources of raw materials, opportunities for investment, military bases, and other advantages. Let’s explore the scope of imperialism. CLICK: VARIABLES SELECT VARIABLE 1: COLONY CLICK VIEW: Map CLICK: [Continue] 18. True or False: Every continent of the world was colonized, at least partially. 19. Identify the two largest colonial powers. 20. Which of the following areas was most thoroughly divided by the colonial powers (i.e., the region with the most colonial rulers)? (Africa, Asia, The Middle East, South America) Serious consequences could occur for the colonies, including the deaths of natives as a result of the introduction of disease, hardships resulting from slavery, and intentional policies adopted by the imperial power to eliminate natives. Let’s examine this. CLICK: DATA FILES CLICK DATA FILE: IRHISTORY CLICK TASK: Historical Trends SELECT VARIABLE 1: MEXICOPOP CLICK: [Continue] 21. Approximately how many million natives were believed to be living in Mexico in about 1520? 22. True or False: Between 1520 and about 1620, nearly 90 percent of the native population in Mexico is believed to have perished. Now let’s examine the development of imperialism over time by focusing on Africa during the 17th and 18th centuries. CLICK: DATA FILES CLICK DATA FILE: AFRICA CLICK TASK: Mapping SELECT VARIABLE 1: COLONY CLICK VIEW: Map 23. How many imperial powers possessed at least one territory in Africa? 24. Which imperial power held the most territory in Africa at this time? 25. True or False: The French controlled more territory in Africa than the Portuguese. 26. True or False: The majority of Africa was autonomous (independent) at this time. Now let’s examine changes in imperialism in Africa up to 1914, the year the First World War began. CLICK: TASKS CLICK TASK: Univariate SELECT PRIMARY VARIABLE: COLONY1914 CLICK: [Continue] 27. Identify the two imperial powers that possessed the largest shares of Africa in 1914. 28. What percent of Africa, approximately, was controlled by these two powers? % 29. What percent of Africa was autonomous in 1914? 30. True or False: The percent of Africa that was autonomous increased between the 17th century and 1914. Following the Second World War, the political landscape in Africa changed dramatically as indigenous peoples sought independence. Let’s examine this. CLICK: VARIABLES SELECT PRIMARY VARIABLE: COLONY1970 CLICK: [Continue] 31. Which country controlled the most colonial possession in 1970? 32. What percent of Africa was controlled by this country in 1970? % 33. What percent of Africa was autonomous in 1970? %   CLICK: TASKS CLICK TASK: Mapping SELECT VARIABLE 1: COLONY2000 CLICK VIEW: Map CLICK: [Continue] 34. What percent of Africa had achieved autonomy by 2000? %     Student Name:* Student Email:*   Professor Name:*   Professor Email:*         *required
			Return to Exercise List