Microcase   Instructions: You may find it works well to print out these Exercises so you can have the directions always in front of you. Click Here to print out this page. Click on the Microcase button to get to Online MicroCase, the software you need to complete this exercise. Enter your answers into the boxes below. If you'd like a print-out of your responses, click on the Submit button at the bottom of the page, and you will be taken to a printer-friendly page. If you have been instructed to submit your exercise online, enter both your and your instructor's name and e-mail address, then click the Email button at the bottom of the page. Your answers will be e-mailed immediately. Macintosh Users: If you have been instructed to submit your reponses to your instructor, you must enter your responses, then click on the Submit button at the bottom of the page to receive a printer-friendly version of your responses that you can then print and turn in to your instructor.     Nationalism has been one of the most pervasive forces in international relations over the last few centuries. It was unleashed fully with the French Revolution in 1789 and spread throughout Europe during the Revolutionary and Napoleonic wars. The French spread the concepts of "liberty, equality, and fraternity," even as their armies conquered vast regions. Let’s explore the geographic scope of their conquests and influence by looking at the territories controlled by Napoleon in Europe. CLICK DATA FILE: EUROPE CLICK TASK: Mapping SELECT VARIABLE 1: NAP EUROPE CLICK VIEW: Map CLICK: [Continue]   1. True or False: Excluding the areas controlled by the Ottoman Empire, the majority of European countries were either controlled or had been conquered by Napoleon. 2. Which country controlled "Germany" at the height of Napoleon’s power? Napoleon was finally defeated in 1815 at Waterloo by a coalition that included the United Kingdom, Russia, and countries that had once been allies of France. The political organization of Europe in 1815, established by the Treaty of Vienna, although appearing similar to today’s arrangements in some respects, included significant differences. Not surprisingly, the spread of nationalistic values through these areas had a tremendous impact. In some cases, nationalism served as a unifying phenomenon, bringing people together into larger states. In other cases, nationalism served as one of the causes of the disintegration of empires. Let’s explore how "states" were organized politically after the Napoleonic wars. CLICK: VARIABLES SELECT VARIABLE 1: EUROPE1815 CLICK VIEW: Map CLICK: [Continue] 3. In 1815, how many states possessed borders that were roughly equivalent to their "current" borders? 4. There were three major "empires" in eastern and southeastern Europe in 1815. Identify them. 5. How many countries were divided into "multiple" political entities in 1815? One of these "multiple" entities was "Germany." Nationalism in "Germany" was critical to explaining its eventual unification into one state. CLICK: DATA FILES CLICK DATA FILE: IRHISTORY CLICK TASK: Historical Trends SELECT VARIABLE 1: GERMANY CLICK: [Continue] 6. Approximately how many "German states" existed in 1800? 7. True or False: The number of "German states" increased as a result of the Treaty of Vienna in 1815. 8. When did "Germany" finally emerge as a single state? German unity was achieved through "Wars of Unification" with its neighbors, including Denmark, Austria, and France. Following these, major conflicts did not break out in Europe until the First World War. The latter conflict was caused at least in part by nationalism, disputes over territories within Europe, such as Alsace-Lorraine (land that had been taken from France by Germany when it unified), imperialism, arms races, and other factors. Let’s examine one of these factors, the increasing economic power of Germany, which upset the balance of power. CLICK: VARIABLES SELECT VARIABLE 1: MFG-GERMAN SELECT VAIRABLE 2: MFG-UK CLICK: [Continue] 9. What percent of world manufacturing output was controlled by Germany in 1880? % 10. True or False: The United Kingdom’s share of world manufacturing output was nearly three times as great as Germany’s in 1880. 11. When did Germany’s share of world manufacturing output surpass that of the United Kingdom? Another commonly cited cause of the First World War was a naval arms race between Germany and the United Kingdom. Let’s examine this. CLICK: VARIABLES SELECT VARIABLE 1: NAVYGERMAN SELECT VARIABLE 2: NAVYUK CLICK: [Continue]   12. Which country had the largest navy in 1914? 13. True or False: Both countries continued to increase the size of their navies until the outbreak of war in 1914. 14. True or False: In 1900 the German navy was larger than the British navy. The First World War ended in 1918 with the defeat of Germany and its allies. It was followed in 1939 by the Second World War, a conflict many scholars believe was really just an extension of the First World War. After the Second World War many policymakers believed increased economic cooperation would help avoid future conflicts. To help achieve this goal, the Bretton Woods System was created. Its three "pillars" included the International Monetary Fund, designed to coordinate financial affairs such as exchange rates; the World Bank, designed both to rebuild Europe and promote development worldwide; and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (now called the World Trade Organization, or WTO), designed to increase trade by removing barriers such as tariffs. Let’s examine the historical growth and contemporary scope of some of these key organizations. CLICK: VARIABLES SELECT VARIABLE 1: IMFMEMBERS CLICK: [Continue] 15. Approximately how many countries were members of the IMF at the end of the Second World War? 16. Approximately how many countries were members of the IMF in 2003? 17. True or False: With the exception of the 1950s and 1990s, there was a steady decline in the number of IMF members. CLICK: DATA FILES CLICK DATA FILE: GLOBAL CLICK TASK: Mapping SELECT VARIABLE 1: IMF MEMBER SELECT VARIABLE 2: WB MEMBER CLICK VIEW: Map CLICK: [Continue] 18. True or False: A vast majority of countries on every continent are members of the IMF. 19. True or False: Countries that are members of the IMF also tend to be members of the World Bank. CLICK: VARIABLES SELECT VARIABLE 1: WTO MEMBER CLICK VIEW: Map CLICK: [Continue] 20. What number of states are "members" of the WTO? 21. True or False: There are more states that have "observer" status with the WTO (states considering WTO membership) than "non-member" states. Now let’s examine how world trade and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) have changed since the end of the Second World War by evaluating figures for both (note that the "base" year is 1990, meaning that the values for all other years can be compared to 1990 to account for inflation). CLICK DATA FILE: IRHISTORY CLICK TASK: Historical Trend SELECT VARIABLE 1: WORLD TRADE SELECT VARIABLE 2: WORLD GDP CLICK VIEW: Map CLICK: [Continue]   22. True or False: Both World Trade and GDP increased during the 1950-2001 period. 23. True or False: World Trade increased every year during the 1950-2001 period. 24. True or False: Between 1950 and 2001, World Trade increased by more than 1,000 percent. 25. Based on what you have learned, explain either why you believe the goal of increasing interdependence has been achieved, or why it has not. The end of the Second World War also saw the outbreak of the Cold War between the two major Superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union. Many other countries aligned themselves with one of the Superpowers. Those that aligned with the United States joined the "West," while those that aligned with the Soviet Union joined the "East." Both Superpowers agreed to spheres of influence (regions of the world that were, for the most part, preserved for either of the Superpowers. Let’s explore these developments. CLICK DATA FILE: GLOBAL CLICK TASK: Mapping SELECT VARIABLE: ALIGN CW CLICK VIEWS: Map CLICK: [Continue] 26. True or False: More states aligned with the West than the East. 27. How many states in the Western Hemisphere aligned with the East? 28. True or False: Most countries in eastern and central Europe were aligned with the United States. 29. Based on your observations, which of the following areas was the most fertile "battleground" for the Superpowers (i.e., it was outside the spheres of influence of both)? (Africa, Australia, South America, Western Europe) The Cold War ended in the 1989-1991 period. One key ongoing historical development that has influenced the political landscape of the world both over the last century, in general, and since the Cold War ended, in particular, has been the spread of democracy. Let’s explore its scope. CLICK: VARIABLES SELECT VARIABLE 1: GOVERNMENT CLICK VARIABLE: Map CLICK: [Continue] 30. How many countries are classified as democracies? 31. True or False: The majority of states in the world are now classified as democracies. 32. Which of the following areas possesses the most non-democratic regimes? (Asia, Europe, North America, South America)     Student Name:* Student Email:*   Professor Name:*   Professor Email:*         *required
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