Microcase
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Let’s continue examining some important international relations theories that claim to explain why conflict, cooperation, integration, and other phenomena occur. It is possible to evaluate these theories by examining patterns in data. For instance, if two variables seem to be associated with each other (both of them increase, decrease, or move in opposite directions simultaneously), it is possible that one is causing the other to change. However, great care should be exercised when evaluating data because although two variables are associated, they might not be causally related (i.e., one variable might not be causing changes in the second variable). With that limitation in mind, let’s begin. The international relations literature focusing on interdependence includes the argument that as democratic freedoms increase economic well being also increases. Let’s examine this claim by evaluating the levels of freedom and gross domestic product per capita in regions around the world.
CLICK DATA FILE:
GLOBAL02
CLICK TASK:
Mapping
SELECT VARIABLE 1:
FREEDOM
CLICK VIEW:
Map
CLICK:
[Continue]
1. Which of the following regions has the most countries with the highest overall levels of freedom (6.5 – 7.0)? (Africa, Asia, Europe, The Middle, East South, America)
2.
True or False
: There are more countries in Africa that rank lowest on the freedom measure (1.0 – 2.0) than in South America.
CLICK:
BACK (use your browser’s back button)
CLICK VIEW:
Rank Table
CLICK:
[Continue]
3. Identify the "freedom" rankings for the following countries:
Luxembourg
Mexico
Brazil
Iraq
Afghanistan
CLICK:
VARIABLES
SELECT VARIABLE 1:
GDP/CAP
CLICK VIEW:
Map
CLICK:
[Continue]
4. Which of the following regions has the most countries with the highest overall levels of Gross Domestic Product per capita (12,400 – 34,200)? (Africa, Asia, Europe, The Middle East, South America)
5. Which of the following regions has the most countries with the lowest overall levels of Gross Domestic Product per capita (500 – 1,200)? (Africa, Asia, Europe, The Middle East, South America)
CLICK:
BACK (use your browser’s back button)
CLICK VIEW:
Rank Table
CLICK:
[Continue]
6. Identify the "Gross domestic product per capita" rankings for the following countries:
Luxembourg
Mexico
Brazil
Iraq
Afghanistan
7.
True or False
: Based specifically on what you’ve learned so far, there is evidence to support the claim that higher levels of freedom are related to higher levels of gross domestic product per capita.
8.
True or False
: Based on what you’ve learned, it is clear that every country that has a high level of freedom will also have a high level of gross domestic product per capita, and vice-versa.
Another argument made by the interdependence school of thought is that as countries become more intertwined economically, there should be less warfare. Let’s explore how interdependence, measured by global trade, and the amount of warfare have changed over time.
CLICK:
DATA FILES
CLICK DATA FILE:
HISTORICAL
CLICK TASK:
Historical Trends
SELECT VARIABLE 1:
TRADE
SELECT VARIABLE 2:
NATION MO
CLICK:
[Continue]
9.
True or False
: From the end of the Second World War until 1980, the number of nation-months of war per year declined dramatically.
10. What was the approximate value of total world exports (in billions of dollars) in 1945? ($50, $500, $1500, $5000)
11. In 1979, what was the approximate value of total world exports (in billions of dollars)? ($10, $75, $1650, $3350, $5000)
12. Based on the patterns you’ve observed for trade and war, discuss how the evidence either supports or contradicts the argument that higher levels of interdependence result in less war.
Some analysts in the feminist school of thought argue that women are less likely to resort to war and violence than men. The argument is when women hold more positions of power and have more influence in society there are fewer wars. Let’s examine this claim.
CLICK:
DATA FILES
CLICK DATA FILE:
GLOBAL02
CLICK TASK:
Mapping
SELECT VARIABLE 1:
GENDER EQ
CLICK VIEW:
Map
CLICK:
[Continue]
13. Which of the following regions has the most countries with the highest overall levels of gender equity (0.834 – 0.940)? (Africa, Asia, Europe, The Middle East, South America)
14. Which of the following regions has the most countries with the lowest overall levels of gender equity (0.165 – 0.376)? (Africa, Asia, Europe, The Middle East, South America)
CLICK:
VARIABLES
SELECT VARIABLE:
WAR
CLICK VIEW:
Map
CLICK:
[Continue]
15.
True or False
: A majority of European countries experienced one or more types of war from 1990-96.
16.
True or False
: A majority of African countries experienced one or more types of war from 1990-96.
17. Of the twelve countries in South America, how many were completely free from war during the 1990-96 period?
Now let’s examine some survey data to determine whether or not there are gender differences in attitudes about foreign policy and conflict.
CLICK:
DATA FILES
CLICK DATA FILE:
ISSP95
CLICK TASK:
Univariate
SELECT PRIMARY VARIABLE:
FOLLOWOWNM
CLICK:
[Continue]
18. What percentage of men either "strongly agree" or "agree" that their country "should follow its own interests, even if this leads to conflicts with other nations?"
%
19. What percent of men either "strongly disagree" or "disagree" that their country "should follow its own interests, even if this leads to conflicts with other nations?"
%
CLICK:
VARIABLES
SELECT PRIMARY VARIABLE:
FOLLOWOWNF
CLICK:
[Continue]
20. What percentage of women either "strongly agree" or "agree" that their country "should follow its own interests, even if this leads to conflicts with other nations?"
%
21. What percent of women either "strongly disagree" or "disagree" that their country "should follow its own interests, even if this leads to conflicts with other nations?"
%
22.
Based on the specific observations you’ve made
about gender equity and the incidence rates of warfare in the previous questions, explain why the evidence appears to either support or contradict the argument that the empowerment of women (giving women a greater voice) results in less warfare.
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