Manual Contents

Sniffy the Virtual Rat Pro, Version 2.0 (with CD-ROM)

By Tom Alloway, Greg Wilson and Jeff Graham

The new edition of Sniffy Pro 2.0 has two new chapters with exercises on “The Effects of Punishment“ and “Shaping Behaviors Other Than Bar Pressing”. Students can now train Sniffy to do a number of new tricks including begging, front rolls, and grooming. We have a “shaping tutor” option that allows students to see how an expert could train Sniffy to perform these new moves. New sections for each chapter have been introduced to raise questions and encourage further study.

PLEASE NOTE:

Sniffy Lite 2.0 has its own manual and is a limited subset of Sniffy Pro 2.0, designed for introductory courses. The Sniffy Lite Manual contains chapters 1, 2, 3, 9, 10 and 12 of the Sniffy Pro Manual and covers 16 of the 47 exercises in Sniffy Pro. Those students seeking help with Sniffy Lite exercises should visit the corresponding sections of the Sniffy Pro tutorials and exercises.

 

Sniffy the Virtual Rat Pro, Version 2.0

 

Sniffy the Virtual Rat Lite, Version 2.0

 

Preface: Installing Sniffy Pro

  • System Requirements and Installation
  • Contacts, Support, and Information
  • Quick Guide to Menus and Commands

Preface: Installing Sniffy Pro

Acknowledgements

Quick Guide to Menus and Commands

 

Chapter 1 Introduction to Sniffy

  • Why and How We Created Sniffy, the Animated Creature
  • Sniffy, the Program
  • Sniffy Is a Learning Tool, Not a Research Tool
  • Applying What You Learn From Sniffy

Chapter 1 Introduction to Sniffy

  • How We Created Sniffy, the Animated Creature
  • Sniffy, the Program
  • Sniffy Is a Learning Tool, Not a Research Tool
  • Applying What You Learn From Sniffy

 

Chapter 2 Introduction to Classical Conditioning

  • A First Look at Sniffy Pro
  • Classical Conditioning Background
  • The Conditioned Emotional Response (CER)
  • The Design Classical Conditioning Experiment Dialog Box
  • The Sensitivity & Fear Mind Window
  • The CS Response Strength Mind Window
  • The Movement Ratio Window
  • The Cumulative Record During Classical Conditioning
  • The Suppression Ratio Window
  • Types of Associations
  • How to Get Reliable, Comparable Results
  • Putting Everything Together to Understand Classical Conditioning
  • Exporting Your Results to Other Programs
  • Printing All the Contents of a Data Window
  • Copying and Pasting the Visible Portion of a Window

Chapter 2 Introduction to Classical Conditioning

  • A First Look at Sniffy Pro
  • Classical Conditioning Background
  • The Conditioned Emotional Response (CER)
  • The Design Classical Conditioning Experiment Dialog Box
  • The Sensitivity & Fear Mind Window
  • The CS Response Strength Mind Window
  • The Movement Ratio Window
  • The Cumulative Record During Classical Conditioning
  • The Suppression Ratio Window
  • How to Get Reliable, Comparable Results
  • Putting Everything Together to Understand Classical Conditioning
  • Exporting Your Results to Other Programs
  • Printing All the Contents of a Data Window
  • Copying and Pasting the Visible Portion of a Window

Chapter 3 Basic Phenomena of Classical Conditioning: Acquisition, Extinction, Spontaneous Recovery, and Stimulus Intensity Effects

  • Important Technical Information
  • Accelerating Time and Other Time-Saving Hints
  • Noise Control
  • Background to the Exercises in This Chapter
  • Exercise 1: Basic Acquisition of a CR
  • Exercise 2: Extinction
  • Exercise 3: Spontaneous Recovery
  • Exercise 4: Varying the Strength of the CS
  • Exercise 5: Varying the Strength of the US

 

Chapter 3 Basic Phenomena of Classical Conditioning: Acquisition, Extinction, Spontaneous Recovery, and Stimulus Intensity Effects

  • Important Technical Information
  • Accelerating Time
  • Other Time-Saving Hints
  • Background to Classical Conditioning Exercises
  • Exercise 1: Basic Acquisition of a CR
  • Exercise 2: Extinction
  • Exercise 3: Spontaneous Recovery
  • Some Questions and Things To Do

Chapter 4 Compound Conditioning, Blocking, Overshadowing, and Overexpectation

  • Exercise 6: Compound Conditioning Compared With Separate Pairings
  • Exercise 7: Blocking
  • Exercise 8: Overshadowing
  • Exercise 9: Overexpectation

 

 

Chapter 5 Inhibitory Conditioning

  • Exercise 10: Prior Inhibitory Conditioning Slows Excitatory Conditioning
  • Exercise 11: Inhibitory Conditioning Measured by Response Summation

 

 

Chapter 6 Associative Structures in Classical Conditioning: Sensory Preconditioning and Higher-Order Conditioning

  • Background
  • Exercise 12: Sensory Preconditioning
  • Exercise 13: Higher-Order Conditioning

 

 

Chapter 7 The Nature of the Association in Classical Conditioning

  • Background
  • Exercise 14: Basic Acquisition Under the Four Models
  • Exercise 15: Effect of Habituating the UR on First-Order Conditioning
  • Exercise 16: Basic Higher-Order Conditioning Under the Four Models
  • Exercise 17: Effect of Extinguishing the First-Order CR on Higher-Order Conditioning
  • Exercise 18: Effect of Habituating the UR on Higher-Order Conditioning

 

 

Chapter 8 Habituation, Sensitization, Background Conditioning, and the CS and US Pre-Exposure Effects

  • Background
  • Exercise 19: Habituation, Sensitization, and Background Conditioning
  • Exercise 20: CS Pre-Exposure Effect
  • Exercise 21: US Pre-Exposure Effect
  • Comparing CS and US Pre-Exposure With the Control

 

 

Chapter 9 Introduction to Operant Conditioning

  • Edward Thorndike
  • B. F. Skinner
  • The Operant Chamber
  • Reinforcement and Punishment

Chapter 4 Introduction to Operant Conditioning

  • Edward Thorndike
  • B. F. Skinner
  • The Operant Chamber
  • Reinforcement and Punishment

 

Chapter 10 Basic Operant Phenomena: Magazine Training, Shaping, Extinction, Spontaneous Recovery, and Secondary Reinforcement

  • Operant Conditioning: Technique
  • The Operant Associations Mind Window
  • Exercise 22: Magazine Training
  • Exercise 23: Shaping Sniffy to Press the Bar
  • Exercise 24: Cumulative Records: Visualizing Sniffy’s Responding
  • Exercise 25: Extinction
  • Exercise 26: Secondary Reinforcement
  • Exercise 27: Spontaneous Recovery

Chapter 5 Basic Operant Phenomena: Magazine Training, Shaping, Extinction, Spontaneous Recovery, and Secondary Reinforcement

  • Operant Conditioning: Technique
  • The Operant Associations Mind Window
  • Exercise 4: Magazine Training
  • Exercise 5: Shaping Sniffy to Press the Bar
  • Exercise 6: Cumulative Records: Visualizing Sniffy’s Responding
  • Exercise 7: Extinction
  • Exercise 8: Secondary Reinforcement
  • Exercise 9: Spontaneous Recovery
  • Some Questions and Things to Do

 

Chapter 11 The Effects of Punishment on Response Elimination

  • Exercise 28: The Effect of a Single Mild Punishment
  • Exercise 29: The Effect of a Single Severe Punishment
  • Exercise 30: The Effect of Repeated Mild Punishment

 

Chapter 12 Schedules of Reinforcement and the Partial-Reinforcement Effect

  • Background and Examples
  • Variable-Ratio (VR) and Variable-Interval (VI) Schedules
  • Fixed-Ratio (FR) Schedules
  • Fixed-Interval (FI) Schedules
  • Setting Up a Schedule in the Design Operant Conditioning Experiment Dialogue Box
  • Exercise 31: Placing Sniffy on a Small VR Schedule
  • Exercise 32: Increasing the Value of Sniffy’s VR Schedule
  • Exercise 33: Variable-Interval Schedules
  • Exercise 34: Fixed-Ratio Schedules
  • Exercise 35: Fixed-Interval Schedules
  • How Realistic Are Sniffy’s Schedule Performances?
  • Exercise 36: The Effect of Partial Reinforcement on Extinction

Chapter 6 Schedules of Reinforcement and the Partial-Reinforcement Effect

  • Background and Examples
  • Variable-Ratio (VR) and Variable-Interval (VI) Schedules
  • Fixed-Ratio (FR) Schedules
  • Fixed-Interval (FI) Schedules
  • Setting Up a Schedule in the Design Operant Conditioning Experiment Dialogue Box
  • Exercise 10: Placing Sniffy on a Small VR Schedule
  • Exercise 11: Increasing the Value of Sniffy’s VR Schedule
  • Exercise 12: Variable-Interval Schedules
  • Exercise 13: Fixed-Ratio Schedules
  • Exercise 14: Fixed-Interval Schedules
  • How Realistic Are Sniffy’s Schedule Performances?
  • Exercise 15: The Effect of Partial Reinforcement on Extinction
  • Some Quesitons and Things to Do

Chapter 13 Stimulus Discrimination and Stimulus Generalization

  • Background and Theory
  • Setting Up Discrimination-Learning Experiments
  • Exporting DS Response Strength Data to a Spreadsheet or Statistical Analysis Program
  • Setting Up Stimulus Generalization Tests
  • Exercise 37: Simple Tone-On S+ Discrimination Learning
  • Exercise 38: Stimulus Generalization After Simple Tone-On S+ Discrimination Learning
  • Exercise 39: Simple Tone-On S– Discrimination Learning
  • Exercise 40: Stimulus Generalization After Simple Tone-On S– Discrimination Learning
  • Exercise 41: S+/S– Discrimination Learning
  • Exercise 42: Stimulus Generalization After S+/S– Discrimination Learning
  • Comparing the Three Generalization Gradients

 

Chapter 14 Shaping Behaviors Other Than Bar Pressing

  • Exercise 43: Shaping Sniffy to Beg
  • Exercise 44: Shaping Sniffy to Wipe His Face
  • Exercise 45: Shaping Sniffy to Roll
  • Exercise 46: Shaping Sniffy to Perform Other Behaviors
  • Exercise 47: Shaping a Cat to Beg or Walk on Its Hind Legs

Chapter 7 Shaping Behaviors Other Than Bar Pressing

  • Exercise 16: Shaping Sniffy to Beg
  • Exercise 17: Shaping Sniffy to Wipe His Face
  • Exercise 18: Shaping Sniffy to Roll
  • Exercise 19: Shaping Sniffy to Perform Other Behaviors
  • Exercise 20: Shaping a Cat to Beg or Walk on Its Hind Legs
  • Some Questions and Things to Do

Appendix: How to Manage Your Sniffy Files

  • Deciding Where to Save Your Files
  • Getting Easy Access to the Sniffy Program and Files From Your Computer Desktop
  • Saving Files and Opening Files and E-mailing Files
  • Instructions for Windows XP and Mac OS X Users
  • Using Sniffy Pro for Macintosh Files on a Windows PC and Vice Versa

Appendix: How to Manage Your Sniffy Files

  • Floppy Disks and Hard Disks
  • Deciding Where to Save Your Files
  • Getting Easy Access to the Sniffy Program and Files From Your Computer Desktop
  • Saving Files
  • Opening Files
  • Copying Files From a Hard Disk to a Floppy Disk
  • Copying Files From a Floppy Disk to a Hard Disk
  • Using Sniffy Lite Macintosh Files on a Windows PC and Vice Versa
  • Storing Files on a CD
  • E-mailing Files

Glossary

Glossary

References

References

Index

Index

 


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