When planning a research study, one of the biggest decisions you will have to make is whether to use a between-subjects or a within-subjects design. Each strategy has advantages and disadvantages. The strategy you use should fit your research question and available resources.

When you design a study using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), you need to decide the following about your subjects and IVs:

• How many participants do you have access to?
• How many participants do you need for appropriate statistical power?
• What kind of IVs do you have?

These issues will determine what kind of design you will use.