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Surveys
Type of Question

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Closed-ended questions limit responses to specific alternatives written by the researcher. Closed-ended items can use multiple choice, ranks, or Likert-type ratings. Closed-ended items are easy for participants to answer and require the least effort of researchers to code and analyze. Closed-ended items are not appropriate when the expected responses are too complex to fit into a few number of categories. Extensive pilot research may be necessary to develop good items.

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