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You are hired as a statistician by a disgruntled employee who says that the company discriminates on the basis of gender. The employee's evidence - there are 6 male mangers and 4 female managers.
Let's look at the complaint:
There are 10 managers. If there were perfect gender equality - then you would expect 5 males and 5 females. That would be a 50-50 split based on equal proportions of .5 and .5 or 50% vs. 50%
Expected Males = 5 Expected Females = 5
However, she observed 6 males and 4 females. This is a 60-40 split and the observed is different from the expected. In other words:
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