• You get the data. You calculate the means and standard deviations using the correct formula for your design.
  
  
• You calculate the t-ratio.
  
  
• You look it up.
  
  
• If the probability of t is less than .05 or .01, you have significance.
  
  
• You conclude the groups are different.

Remember This:

• Big t (absolute value)
• Small p
• Small p - SIGNIFICANCE